2024年12月28日星期六

國際太空站（ISS）SSTV (慢速掃描圖傳) 實驗將於2024年12月25日至2024年1月05日進行有興趣的同好可以測試接收

國際太空站（ISS）SSTV (慢速掃描圖傳) 實驗

將於2024年12月25日至2024年1月05日進行

有興趣的同好可以測試接收

SSTV 接收頻率 145.800 MHz NFM

靜噪等級 SQL 盡量調到 0 以免漏失 << 微弱信號>>

SSTV 調制協定 PD120

中途有故障

已修復

BU2DR KD2DR 我個人於 2024年12月29日台灣當地時間 23:02 收到圖片了

收到SSTV 圖片，順便上傳，順便申請「接收證書」，

沒想到隔天就收到證書了，滿高興的！

國外同好已經有人收齊 12 張圖片了

SSTV (慢速掃描圖傳) 接收圖片上傳：

https://ariss-usa.org/ARISS_SSTV/

SSTV (慢速掃描圖傳) 「接收證書」申請：(線上)

https://ariss-usa.org/ARISS_SSTV/

https://ariss-usa.org/ARISS_SSTV/submit.php

SSTV (慢速掃描圖傳) 「通聯 QSL 卡」申請：(需郵寄)

https://www.ariss.org/qsl-cards.html

ISS SSTV (慢速掃描圖傳) 接收狀況登錄：

https://amsat.org/status/

( 接收方法，請看上一次，上一篇 )

國際太空站（ISS）SSTV (慢速掃描圖傳) 實驗將於11月12日至11月18日進行，台灣可以測試接收與接收的方法

https://helloshiau.blogspot.com/2024/11/isssstv-11121118.html

國際太空站（ISS）通過台北上空的時間預報 (三行預報)

台灣當地時間

時間方位角仰角亮度距離

Time Satellite Azm Elv Mag Range S.Azm S.Elv

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

2024-12-26 23:48:38 ISS 197.2 5.0 ecl 1849 318.6 -87.8

2024-12-26 23:52:35 ISS 127.5 30.6 ecl 751 341.3 -88.2

2024-12-26 23:56:34 ISS 57.5 5.0 ecl 1859 11.6 -88.3

2024-12-27 01:26:04 ISS 268.1 5.0 ecl 1855 90.1 -69.2

2024-12-27 01:29:20 ISS 319.0 14.3 ecl 1244 90.5 -68.5

2024-12-27 01:32:37 ISS 9.9 5.0 ecl 1861 90.8 -67.7

2024-12-27 08:01:20 ISS 357.6 5.0 2.0 1875 125.7 15.6

2024-12-27 08:04:09 ISS 39.1 10.6 1.7 1458 126.1 16.1

2024-12-27 08:06:57 ISS 80.3 5.0 2.5 1872 126.5 16.6

2024-12-27 09:36:51 ISS 310.0 5.1 2.2 1871 142.4 31.2

2024-12-27 09:41:02 ISS 231.8 48.3 0.0 549 143.3 31.8

2024-12-27 09:45:13 ISS 152.6 5.1 3.3 1865 144.3 32.3

2024-12-27 23:00:49 ISS 176.1 5.0 ecl 1845 275.0 -77.4

2024-12-27 23:04:05 ISS 124.8 14.8 ecl 1216 275.7 -78.1

2024-12-27 23:07:22 ISS 73.7 5.0 ecl 1857 276.4 -78.9

2024-12-28 00:36:42 ISS 248.5 5.0 ecl 1851 81.7 -80.5

2024-12-28 00:40:35 ISS 315.6 26.1 ecl 846 82.8 -79.6

2024-12-28 00:44:29 ISS 22.6 5.0 ecl 1860 83.7 -78.7

2024-12-28 07:14:15 ISS 21.4 5.0 1.9 1875 119.4 6.6

2024-12-28 07:15:15 ISS 35.0 5.5 2.0 1829 119.6 6.8

2024-12-28 07:16:14 ISS 48.5 5.0 2.1 1874 119.7 7.0

2024-12-28 08:48:10 ISS 322.3 5.1 2.0 1869 132.9 23.7

2024-12-28 08:52:26 ISS 49.5 71.2 -0.7 441 133.7 24.4

2024-12-28 08:56:41 ISS 134.8 5.1 3.0 1867 134.4 25.1

2024-12-28 22:13:59 ISS 145.1 5.0 ecl 1848 269.0 -66.7

2024-12-28 22:15:34 ISS 122.8 6.5 ecl 1724 269.2 -67.0

2024-12-28 22:17:09 ISS 100.5 5.0 ecl 1852 269.3 -67.4

2024-12-28 23:47:41 ISS 230.4 5.0 ecl 1849 312.6 -87.4

2024-12-28 23:51:52 ISS 312.9 55.2 ecl 496 331.6 -88.0

2024-12-28 23:56:04 ISS 34.3 5.0 ecl 1861 0.2 -88.2

2024-12-29 07:59:40 ISS 334.0 5.1 1.9 1868 125.2 15.2

2024-12-29 08:03:43 ISS 45.7 31.9 0.2 739 125.8 15.9

2024-12-29 08:07:45 ISS 116.9 5.0 2.7 1867 126.4 16.6

2024-12-29 09:37:08 ISS 281.0 5.0 2.3 1872 142.2 31.2

2024-12-29 09:40:09 ISS 235.7 12.3 1.9 1361 142.9 31.6

2024-12-29 09:43:10 ISS 190.4 5.0 3.1 1867 143.5 32.0

2024-12-29 22:58:59 ISS 212.5 5.0 ecl 1847 275.0 -76.8

2024-12-29 23:03:10 ISS 129.3 61.8 ecl 464 275.8 -77.7

2024-12-29 23:07:22 ISS 46.5 5.0 ecl 1855 276.8 -78.6

2024-12-30 00:37:44 ISS 287.4 5.0 ecl 1856 81.0 -80.4

2024-12-30 00:40:08 ISS 322.3 8.8 ecl 1564 81.8 -79.9

2024-12-30 00:42:32 ISS 357.0 5.0 ecl 1861 82.4 -79.3

2024-12-30 07:11:21 ISS 346.1 5.0 1.8 1871 118.9 5.9

2024-12-30 07:14:53 ISS 42.2 17.1 0.9 1134 119.3 6.6

2024-12-30 07:18:24 ISS 98.0 5.0 2.4 1869 119.7 7.3

2024-12-30 08:47:41 ISS 298.5 5.1 2.0 1868 132.6 23.6

2024-12-30 08:51:33 ISS 233.3 25.1 0.8 878 133.2 24.2

2024-12-30 08:55:24 ISS 168.2 5.1 2.9 1862 133.9 24.8

2024-12-30 22:10:38 ISS 193.6 5.1 ecl 1842 268.9 -65.7

2024-12-30 22:14:29 ISS 126.9 26.6 ecl 829 269.3 -66.6

2024-12-30 22:18:22 ISS 60.1 5.0 ecl 1855 269.7 -67.4

2024-12-30 23:47:47 ISS 264.5 5.1 ecl 1849 311.7 -87.2

2024-12-30 23:51:10 ISS 318.2 15.9 ecl 1172 324.8 -87.7

2024-12-30 23:54:35 ISS 12.3 5.0 ecl 1856 343.7 -88.0

2024-12-31 06:23:21 ISS 0.9 5.0 1.7 1868 113.6 -4.1

2024-12-31 06:25:55 ISS 38.2 9.5 1.4 1527 113.9 -3.5

2024-12-31 06:28:30 ISS 75.8 5.0 2.1 1870 114.1 -3.0

2024-12-31 07:58:38 ISS 312.3 5.1 1.8 1867 124.8 14.9

2024-12-31 08:02:51 ISS 231.0 56.7 -0.7 494 125.4 15.7

2024-12-31 08:07:04 ISS 149.3 5.0 2.6 1866 126.0 16.4

2024-12-31 21:22:45 ISS 171.5 5.0 ecl 1846 265.0 -54.7

2024-12-31 21:25:49 ISS 124.5 12.9 ecl 1309 265.2 -55.4

2024-12-31 21:28:53 ISS 77.5 5.0 ecl 1851 265.4 -56.1

2024-12-31 22:58:19 ISS 245.1 5.1 ecl 1846 275.3 -76.4

2024-12-31 23:02:16 ISS 315.0 29.4 ecl 773 276.1 -77.2

2024-12-31 23:06:14 ISS 24.7 5.0 ecl 1855 277.0 -78.1

2025-01-01 07:09:49 ISS 324.5 5.0 1.7 1869 118.5 5.5

2025-01-01 07:14:04 ISS 48.9 60.3 -1.0 477 119.0 6.3

2025-01-01 07:18:17 ISS 131.4 5.1 2.4 1862 119.5 7.1

2025-01-01 08:48:58 ISS 256.3 5.0 2.2 1868 132.5 23.7

2025-01-01 08:50:20 ISS 237.4 6.1 2.2 1776 132.7 24.0

2025-01-01 08:51:42 ISS 218.4 5.0 2.4 1866 133.0 24.2

2025-01-01 20:36:25 ISS 132.4 5.0 ecl 1849 261.6 -44.2

2025-01-01 20:37:08 ISS 122.5 5.3 ecl 1824 261.6 -44.4

2025-01-01 20:37:52 ISS 112.4 5.0 ecl 1851 261.7 -44.5

2025-01-01 22:09:11 ISS 226.9 5.0 ecl 1849 269.0 -65.1

2025-01-01 22:13:23 ISS 311.4 65.4 ecl 451 269.5 -66.1

2025-01-01 22:17:36 ISS 36.6 5.0 ecl 1854 269.9 -67.0

2025-01-02 06:21:12 ISS 336.3 5.1 1.6 1865 113.2 -4.6

2025-01-02 06:25:09 ISS 44.6 27.8 0.0 813 113.6 -3.8

2025-01-02 06:29:07 ISS 113.3 5.0 2.1 1866 114.0 -3.0

2025-01-02 07:58:24 ISS 284.8 5.0 1.9 1867 124.5 14.8

2025-01-02 08:01:38 ISS 235.2 14.1 1.3 1262 125.0 15.4

2025-01-02 08:04:51 ISS 185.6 5.1 2.4 1861 125.4 15.9

2025-01-02 21:20:23 ISS 208.8 5.0 ecl 1847 265.0 -54.0

2025-01-02 21:24:32 ISS 128.9 51.5 ecl 517 265.3 -54.9

2025-01-02 21:28:42 ISS 49.0 5.0 ecl 1856 265.6 -55.8

2025-01-02 22:58:47 ISS 282.4 5.0 ecl 1853 275.9 -76.2

2025-01-02 23:01:26 ISS 321.5 9.9 ecl 1487 276.5 -76.8

2025-01-02 23:04:04 ISS 0.3 5.0 ecl 1855 277.0 -77.4

2025-01-03 05:32:46 ISS 348.8 5.0 ecl 1868 108.6 -14.9

2025-01-03 05:36:08 ISS 41.2 15.1 0.7 1214 108.9 -14.2

2025-01-03 05:39:30 ISS 93.8 5.0 1.9 1866 109.2 -13.5

2025-01-03 07:08:53 ISS 301.5 5.0 1.7 1866 118.1 5.2

2025-01-03 07:12:51 ISS 232.7 29.1 0.1 787 118.6 6.0

2025-01-03 07:16:48 ISS 164.2 5.0 2.2 1862 119.0 6.8

2025-01-03 20:31:57 ISS 189.4 5.0 ecl 1845 261.4 -42.9

2025-01-03 20:35:42 ISS 126.2 22.9 ecl 923 261.7 -43.8

2025-01-03 20:39:27 ISS 63.3 5.0 ecl 1852 262.0 -44.6

2025-01-03 22:08:47 ISS 260.3 5.0 ecl 1848 269.4 -64.8

2025-01-03 22:12:19 ISS 317.6 17.9 ecl 1089 269.7 -65.6

2025-01-03 22:15:52 ISS 14.9 5.0 ecl 1854 270.1 -66.4

2025-01-04 04:44:43 ISS 4.9 5.0 ecl 1865 104.5 -25.4

2025-01-04 04:46:59 ISS 37.4 8.3 1.2 1606 104.7 -24.9

2025-01-04 04:49:16 ISS 70.1 5.0 1.7 1866 104.9 -24.4

2025-01-04 06:19:44 ISS 314.9 5.1 1.5 1862 112.8 -5.0

2025-01-04 06:23:58 ISS 230.5 68.5 -1.3 446 113.2 -4.2

2025-01-04 06:28:12 ISS 145.5 5.0 2.1 1861 113.6 -3.3

2025-01-04 19:44:04 ISS 165.9 5.0 ecl 1846 257.9 -32.2

2025-01-04 19:46:52 ISS 123.9 11.0 ecl 1416 258.2 -32.8

2025-01-04 19:49:39 ISS 82.3 5.0 ecl 1849 258.4 -33.4

2025-01-04 21:19:14 ISS 241.2 5.1 ecl 1844 265.2 -53.5

2025-01-04 21:23:15 ISS 314.1 34.2 ecl 691 265.5 -54.4

2025-01-04 21:27:18 ISS 27.3 5.0 ecl 1856 265.8 -55.3

2025-01-05 05:30:48 ISS 327.1 5.1 ecl 1862 108.1 -15.5

2025-01-05 05:34:59 ISS 46.8 50.0 -1.1 532 108.5 -14.6

2025-01-05 05:39:11 ISS 127.6 5.0 1.9 1863 108.9 -13.7

2025-01-05 07:09:19 ISS 264.9 5.0 1.7 1863 117.9 5.2

2025-01-05 07:11:18 ISS 236.8 7.5 1.6 1663 118.1 5.6

2025-01-05 07:13:17 ISS 208.7 5.0 2.0 1863 118.3 6.0

2025-01-05 20:30:01 ISS 223.0 5.1 ecl 1842 261.5 -42.3

2025-01-05 20:34:13 ISS 310.6 79.2 ecl 419 261.8 -43.2

2025-01-05 20:38:27 ISS 39.2 5.0 ecl 1855 262.1 -44.2

2024-12-25

2024-12-26

2024-12-28

2024-12-29

2024-12-30

2024年12月14日星期六

台語閩南語較接近唐代的語音很多學者這麼認為

台語閩南語較接近唐代的語音 很多學者這麼認為

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taiwanese_phonetic_symbols_%28fixed_tone_in_204%29_and_Taiwanese_romanization_system.svg

台語閩南語較接近唐代的語音很多學者這麼認為

所以很多詩詞與佛教咒語，應該用台語、閩南語唸會比較接近原音。

【今周刊】台語滅亡倒數中！

美籍YouTuber：「延續台語生命，最重要的就是你們台灣人」：

https://youtu.be/qBsCc61Gyno

媽媽講的臺語都有字

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gq6Rg7oLn3U&list=RDCMUCtzD6kQQnnxrUxtrfYAYnWQ&index=5

簡單九句話，道破臺語漢字的天機

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t226MRBQleE&list=RDCMUCtzD6kQQnnxrUxtrfYAYnWQ&index=4

國語 (普通話) 台語 mp3

===============================

下雨落雨

打開拍開

保佑保庇

黑牛烏牛

天亮天光

足跡腳跡

山上山頂

山下山腳

電燈電火

開水滾水

開玩笑滾耍笑

同樣共款

同桌共桌

流氓露氓

盼望顒望

喜歡歡喜

客人人客

熱鬧鬧熱

蹊蹺蹺蹊 (很奇怪的意思)

前進進前

公雞雞公

母雞雞母

颱風風颱

習慣慣習

成親成親

親戚親成

蜜蜂蜜蜂

蜂蜜蜂蜜

乳牛乳牛

牛乳牛乳

自家人家己人

大掃除大摒掃

無用途無路用

湊熱鬧鬥鬧熱

小鴨子鴨微兒

看無蹤影看無影蹤

無影無跡無影無跡

幫忙逗腳手

一起作伙，逗陣

休息歇睏

不可以未使，未凍

臺語漢字學 (1) 快速入門

臺灣閩南語漢字學第一集

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPEuY9zWbdw&t=0s

陳世明博士

臺灣閩南語漢字學第二集

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAPFEVBzMas&t=1s

臺灣閩南語漢字學第三集

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VY6EhnSsSNA&t=16s

03.看過就知道臺語漢字怎麼寫？

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8jWteZSp7Y

https://www.hkcnews.com/article/6089/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1%E8%A9%B1-%E5%8F%B0%E8%AA%9E-%E6%99%AE%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD-6089/%E7%95%B6%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B0%E8%AA%9E%E5%B7%AE%E4%B8%80%E9%BB%9E%E8%A2%AB%E6%BB%85%E8%81%B2

古代中國的「普通話」是廣東話？客家話？還是閩南語？

(有此一說)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AbMoytotcho

閩南語是接近唐語，古漢語是接近廣東話或客家話？需要再研究！

https://youtu.be/w6mYl_FclyE?si=s86T79Q3VOiY2B2o

https://www.facebook.com/share/p/18r2xx8HdS/?mibextid=wwXIfr

2022-05-15

2024-03-17

2024-12-31

2024年12月7日星期六

Raspberry Pi 樹莓派安裝APRS軟體 direwolf 可用作 iGate, digipeater

Raspberry Pi 樹莓派 安裝APRS軟體 direwolf

可用作 iGate, digipeater

Raspberry Pi 樹莓派也用了幾年了，差不多就是個小電腦，滿好用的，

適合 24小時開機，執行相對簡單而想要一直執行的程式功能。好處是省電，又比電腦便宜。

用於 APRS 安裝 direwolf 效果、辨識率、穩定度都相當不錯

On Debian / Ubuntu / Raspbian / Raspberry Pi OS:

sudo apt-get install git
sudo apt-get install gcc
sudo apt-get install g++
sudo apt-get install make
sudo apt-get install cmake
sudo apt-get install libasound2-dev
sudo apt-get install libudev-dev
sudo apt-get install libavahi-client-dev

安裝 direwolf (1)

Linux - Using apt-get (Debian flavor operating systems)

Results will vary depending on your hardware platform and operating system version because it depends on various volunteers who perform the packaging. Expect the version to lag significantly behind development.

sudo apt-get update
apt-cache showpkg direwolf
sudo apt-get install direwolf

安裝 direwolf (2)

sudo apt-get install cmake

sudo apt-get install libasound2-dev

sudo apt-get install libudev-dev

cd ~

git clone https://www.github.com/wb2osz/firewolf.git/

cd direwolf

mkdir build && cd build

cmake ..

make -j4

sudo make install

make install-conf

設定 direwolf.conf

cd ~

nano direwolf.conf

音效卡常用

ADEVICE plughw:1,0

填自己的呼號

MYCALL BU2DR-3

位置的比控設定

#PBEACON delay=1 every=30 overlay=S symbol="digi" lat=... long=...

封包轉發的設定 ( 以下是用於 ISS 國際太空站的設定 )

DIGIPEAT 0 0 ^RS0ISS ~WIDE2-2$ TRACE

呼號的密碼

IGLOGIN BU2DR 12345

^O 存檔， ^X 離開 nano

桌面設定音效卡：

sudo reboot

direwolf -T "%H:%M:%S" -l /home/pi/aprslogs

direwolf pdf 說明檔

https://github.com/wb2osz/direwolf/blob/master/doc/Raspberry-Pi-APRS.pdf

Raspberry Pi 樹莓派如何改成唯讀系統，避免重灌

Read-Only Raspberry Pi - Never Corrupt your Micro-SD Card

https://core-electronics.com.au/guides/read-only-raspberry-pi/

Raspberry Pi 樹莓派安裝與使用

https://helloshiau.blogspot.com/2021/07/raspberry-pi-2021.html

Raspberry Pi 4B 樹莓派硬體欣賞

https://helloshiau.blogspot.com/2021/07/raspberry-pi-4b-2021.html

2024-06-10

2024-12-04

2024年11月30日星期六

WebCam, IP Cam, Live stream 網路相機，監視攝影機，視訊直播，大眾使用即時影像監視研究

WebCam, IP Cam, Live stream

網路相機，監視攝影機，視訊直播

大眾使用即時影像監視研究

***********************************************************************

** IPcam、Webcam分不出來差別?

***********************************************************************

IP Camera 與 Webcam 的比較

https://cctv.ojos.cc/TECH_wp_ipcam-webcam.php

***********************************************************************

WebCam 一般是指 用 USB 連至電腦的攝影機，如：

https://www.logitech.com/zh-tw/products/webcams/c310-hd-webcam.960-000631.html

適合視訊會議使用

WebcamViewer (用電腦看)

https://download.cnet.com/webcamviewer/3000-12510_4-75324168.html

***********************************************************************

IP Camera Viewer (用電腦看 WebCam )

https://www.deskshare.com/ip-camera-viewer.aspx

***********************************************************************

IP Camera 一般是指 用網路線，

或 無線網路 Wi-Fi 連至電腦的攝影機，

比較常用於監視設備，如：

https://www.tp-link.com/tw/home-networking/cloud-camera/tapo-c100/

https://www.tp-link.com/tw/support/download/tapo-c100/

通常用手機觀看監視畫面或錄影，

***********************************************************************

Webcam 視訊鏡頭選購要點｜視訊鏡頭推薦 2023

https://techteller.com/review/best-webcam-2/

適合視訊會議使用

***********************************************************************

WebCam 直接就可以放上 Youtube 直播

***********************************************************************

將 webcam ( USB攝影鏡頭 ) 改成 IPcam 使用

CameraFTP

https://www.cameraftp.com/CameraFTP/Features/UseWebcamAsIPCamera.aspx

( 看來不錯，但是要訂閱付費 )

***********************************************************************

Raspberry Pi 樹莓派使用 Webcam

***********************************************************************

Working with USB webcams on your Raspberry Pi ( fswebcam , ffmpeg )

https://raspberrypi-guide.github.io/electronics/using-usb-webcams

sudo apt install fswebcam

fswebcam --device /dev/video0 ~/images/image01.jpg

fswebcam -r 1280x720 --no-banner ~/images/image1.jpg

( fswebcam , ffmpeg 安裝成功，都可拍照片 )

https://www.sigmdel.ca/michel/ha/rpi/streaming_en.html

( mjpeg-streamer 安裝比較複雜 )

Raspberry Pi 筆記(19)：Webcam 拍照與瀏覽串流媒體 ( fswebcam, motion )

https://atceiling.blogspot.com/2014/04/raspberry-pi-webcam.html

sudo apt update

sudo apt upgrade

( motion 安裝成功，可拍影片串流了！ )

How to Stream Live Video Using Raspberry Pi ( motion )

https://automaticaddison.com/how-to-stream-live-video-using-raspberry-pi/

Live Cam with Raspberry Pi ( motion )

https://www.hackster.io/sushree-subhasmita-jena/live-cam-with-raspberry-pi-e9f43d

Raspberry Pi Live Streaming with USB Webcam ( ffmpeg )

https://www.dynamsoft.com/codepool/raspberry-pi-live-streaming-usb-webcam.html

( 失敗，不能拍影片 )

Secure Webcam streaming with MJPG-Streamer on a Raspberry Pi

https://www.sigmdel.ca/michel/ha/rpi/streaming_en.html

Working with Webcam using OpenCV ( python OpenCV )

https://subscription.packtpub.com/book/iot-and-hardware/9781785285066/7/ch07lvl1sec41/working-with-webcam-using-opencv

7 Simple Steps: Connect Raspberry Pi to IP Cameras Easily

https://reolink.com/blog/connect-raspberry-pi-to-ip-cameras/

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Raspberry Pi 樹莓派使用 Camera module 相機模組

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How to control the Camera Module via the command line

https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/projects/getting-started-with-picamera/3

或

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/camera_software.html

拍相片

rpicam-jpeg --output test.jpg --timeout 2000 --width 640 --height 480

拍相片

Type in the following command to take a still picture and save it to the Desktop:

rpicam-still -o ~/Desktop/image.jpg

拍相片

How to control the Camera Module via the command line

https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/projects/getting-started-with-picamera/3

raspistill -o /home/pi/Pictures/image01.jpg

拍縮時攝影

First, create a directory where you can store your time lapse photos:

$ mkdir timelapse

Run the following command to create a time lapse over 30 seconds, recording a photo every two seconds, saving output into image0000.jpg through image0013.jpg:

$ rpicam-still --timeout 30000 --timelapse 2000 -o timelapse/image%04d.jpg

拍影片

Now record a video with the Camera Module by using the following rpicam-vid command:

rpicam-vid -o ~/Desktop/video.mp4

I'm not using a Raspberry Pi 5

You will need to use libav

rpicam-vid -t 10000 --codec libav --libav-format mp4 -o ~/Desktop/video.mp4

Tip: The 10000 is the number of milliseconds to record

Play the video file by typing the following command:

vlc ~/Desktop/video.mp4

拍影片

`rpicam-vid`

Edit this on GitHub

rpicam-vid helps you capture video on Raspberry Pi devices. rpicam-vid displays a preview window and writes an encoded bitstream to the specified output. This produces an unpackaged video bitstream that is not wrapped in any kind of container (such as an mp4 file) format.

Note	When available, `rpicam-vid` uses hardware H.264 encoding.

For example, the following command writes a ten-second video to a file named test.h264:

$ rpicam-vid -t 10s -o test.h264

You can play the resulting file with VLC and other video players:

$ vlc test.h264

On Raspberry Pi 5, you can output to the MP4 container format directly by specifying the mp4 file extension for your output file:

$ rpicam-vid  -t 10s -o test.mp4

Encoders

rpicam-vid supports motion JPEG as well as both uncompressed and unformatted YUV420:

$ rpicam-vid -t 10000 --codec mjpeg -o test.mjpeg

$ rpicam-vid -t 10000 --codec yuv420 -o test.data

The codec option determines the output format

拍影片

Image and video recording with the Raspberry PI

https://raspberrypi-guide.github.io/electronics/image-and-video-recording

raspivid -o video.h264

拍高速攝影影片

Capture high framerate video

To minimise frame drops for high framerate (> 60fps) video, try the following configuration tweaks:

Set the H.264 target level to 4.2 with --level 4.2.
Disable software colour denoise processing by setting the denoise option to cdn_off.
Disable the display window with nopreview to free up some additional CPU cycles.
Set force_turbo=1 in /boot/firmware/config.txt to ensure that the CPU clock does not throttle during video capture. For more information, see the force_turbo documentation.
Adjust the ISP output resolution with --width 1280 --height 720 or something even lower to achieve your framerate target.
On Raspberry Pi 4, you can overclock the GPU to improve performance by adding gpu_freq=550 or higher in /boot/firmware/config.txt. See the overclocking documentation for further details.

The following command demonstrates how you might achieve 1280×720 120fps video:

$ rpicam-vid --level 4.2 --framerate 120 --width 1280 --height 720 --save-pts timestamp.pts -o video.264 -t 10000 --denoise cdn_off -n

影片串流

Video Streaming with Raspberry Pi Camera

https://randomnerdtutorials.com/video-streaming-with-raspberry-pi-camera/

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ python3 rpi_camera_surveillance_system.py

http://192.168.1.110:8000/index.html

How To Stream Live Video From Your Raspberry Pi Camera

https://www.tomshardware.com/how-to/stream-live-video-raspberry-pi

raspivid -o - -t 0 -w 800 -h 600 -fps 12  | cvlc -vvv stream:///dev/stdin --sout '#rtp{sdp=rtsp://:8080/}' :demux=h264

install VLC and then open VLC.

Go to Media >> Open Network Stream, or press CTRL + N.

Enter the rtsp address and port: rtsp://raspberrypi:8080/

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IP Camera 常用於監視設備

IP Camera 一般是指 用網路線，或 無線網路 Wi-Fi 連至電腦的攝影機，

比較常用於監視設備，如：

相當好的入門款網路攝影機

Tapo C100 | 家庭安全防護/ Wi-Fi 網路攝影機

https://www.tp-link.com/tw/home-networking/cloud-camera/tapo-c100/

https://www.tp-link.com/tw/support/download/tapo-c100/

通常用手機觀看監視畫面或錄影，

改機 ***

想換鏡頭，或是取消紅外線照明燈，

撬開黑色前蓋，

把那層電路板向上拔起，即可取出，即可取消紅外線照明燈，

改機 ***

想換鏡頭，

若要用電腦螢幕看，需要用 VLC media player 或 iSpy 軟體

https://www.tp-link.com/tw/support/faq/2680/

Tapo攝影機的RTSP即時串流的URL(網址)為：

對於1080P（1920 * 1080）串流：rtsp://使用者名稱:密碼@IP位址:554/stream1

rtsp://helloshiau:public@192.168.1.117:554/stream1

對於360P（640 * 360）串流：rtsp://使用者名稱:密碼@IP位址:554/stream2

rtsp://helloshiau:public@192.168.1.117:554/stream1

或是使用 VLC media player 或 iSpy 軟體觀看

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IP Camera 做成 Youtube 直播

5 Steps to Stream IP Cameras to YouTube/FB & Set up RTSP URLs

https://reolink.com/blog/stream-ip-camera-to-youtube/

主要是需要安裝 Open Broadcast Softwre ( OBS )

https://obsproject.com/

Youtube 直播：

https://youtube.com/live/9zr59ewpSd0

( Youtube 直播很容易就會斷線 )

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IP Camera 做成 Facebook Live 直播

也是使用 Open Broadcast Softwre ( OBS )

( 最長可以撥放 8 小時 )

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Live stream 視訊直播 (視頻直播)

理論上的程式方案

7 ways to stream RTSP on the page

https://flashphoner.com/7-ways-to-stream-rtsp-on-the-page/

程式實例

Embed RTSP stream directly from camera into webpage

https://community.ui.com/questions/3-3-Embed-RTSP-stream-directly-from-camera-into-webpage/2e77d983-07f8-483a-9a6c-294e3900400e

自己 DIY RTMP 伺服器範例

How to set up your own private RTMP server using nginx

https://obsproject.com/forum/resources/how-to-set-up-your-own-private-rtmp-server-using-nginx.50/

ipcamlive

ipcamlive.com

( ip cam 要有對外網址才可以用 )

Restream

https://restream.io/

https://join.restream.io/livestreaming?title=all-in-one_platform_for_creating_live_videos&sub=make_streams_look_professional,_on_brand,_and_stand_out_from_the_crowd&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=Search_NB_Core_LiveStreaming_Tier3_Desk_v1&utm_campaignid=20596097931&utm_adgroup=Live_Streaming&utm_adgroupid=154492818175&utm_content=675559583427&utm_term=streaming%20broadcast&utm_device=c&utm_adposition=&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwrIixBhBbEiwACEqDJUzN6bOk1R8XvPuOEqTSdFac-frgJXAys0VfGJu4Gsi9PY_DawzxARoCtnQQAvD_BwE

可以用 google 帳號登入，但是

( 但是結果 Restream 的視訊也是要用 Youtube 觀看！ )

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自己 DIY RTMP 直播伺服器做視訊直播 (視頻直播)

How to set up your own private RTMP server using nginx

https://obsproject.com/forum/resources/how-to-set-up-your-own-private-rtmp-server-using-nginx.50/

How To Set Up a Video Streaming Server using Nginx-RTMP on Ubuntu 20.04

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-a-video-streaming-server-using-nginx-rtmp-on-ubuntu-20-04

Nginx 搭配 RTMP HLS 建立簡易直播 Server

https://github.com/twtrubiks/nginx-rtmp-tutorial

Build your own Raspberry Pi NGINX Web Server

https://pimylifeup.com/raspberry-pi-nginx/

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米家小白 EC3 Pro 戶外攝影機戶外雲台版

https://www.mijia.com.tw/product/%E5%B0%8F%E7%99%BDec3%E5%85%A8%E6%88%B6%E5%9E%8B%E7%9B%A3%E6%8E%A7%E6%94%9D%E5%BD%B1%E6%A9%9F%E9%9B%B2%E5%8F%B0%E7%89%88/

地表最強攝影機「小白 EC3」夜的黑就和白天一樣清晰

https://ahui3c.com/74106/ec3

夜晚可以拍到獵戶座、大犬座、與天狼星

小米攝影機電腦端觀看程式

https://www.mobile01.com/topicdetail.php?f=634&t=6831435

版主使用，一直無法成功登入。或許還沒開放台灣地區使用。

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朋友分享，需安裝「夜神模擬器」，再安裝「米家」，就可以看小米攝影機

夜神模擬器

https://tw.bignox.com/

( 實際使用，會非常耗用電腦資源，整個電腦的速度會變慢。)

模擬器裡面安裝「米家」即可秀出攝影機畫面：

電腦故障，改用了另一台電腦，再安裝「夜神模擬器」，再安裝「米家」，

結果打開「米家」會閃退！

The best Android emulators for PC and Mac of 2024

https://www.androidauthority.com/best-android-emulators-for-pc-655308/

安裝「BlueStacks」，一樣會閃退！

安裝「LDPlayer 9」，一樣會閃退！

[进阶教程] 破解小米小蚁智能摄像机支持rtsp、ftp、telnet

https://bbs.hassbian.com/thread-361-1-1.html

到这个网站下载破解固件http://xiaoyi.querex.be/firmwares/，需要下载两个。一个原版官方固件、一个破解版对应版本的固件。
先刷官方固件、然后刷一次破解版固件。刷固件教程在这个网址http://bbs.xiaomi.cn/t-11501508
刷好破解固件，开机提示音会变成英文。小米米家app还是可以连接到摄像头。可以在电脑下载一个vlc播放器测试一下rtsp播放流
rtsp播放地址如下
Main stream: rtsp://ipaddress:554/ch0_0.h264
Minor stream: rtsp://ipaddress:554/ch0_1.h264
Audio stream: rtsp://ipaddress:554/ch0_3.h264
安装了sudo apt-get -t jessie-backports install ffmpeg 、sudo apt-get install libav-tools ，

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